Easy Diagnosis  
Cholesterol and Coronary Myths

Part 10: References

The references below are listed in the order they were used throughout the nine parts of The Cholesterol Myth.

J W Gofman, et al. The role of lipids and lipoproteins in atherosclerosis. Science. 1950; 111: 166.

J P Strong, H C McGill jr. The natural history of coronary atherosclerosis. Am J Pathol. 1962; 440: 37.

W F Enos, R H Holmes, J Beyer. Coronary disease among United States soldiers killed in action in Korea. Preliminary report. JAMA 1953; 152: 1090.

A Keys. Atherosclerosis: a problem in newer public health. J Mt Sinai Hosp. 1953; 20: 118.

J M McMichael. Fats and atheroma: an inquest. BMJ. 1979; 279: 890.

- Diet and coronary disease. Acta Med Scand. 1980; 207(3): 151.

E B Smith, R H Smith. Early changes in aortic intima. Atheroscler Rev. 1976; I: 119.

V J Wass, et al. Does the nephrotic syndrome increase the risk of cardiovascular disease? Lancet. 1979; ii: 664.

R A Moore. Variation in serum cholesterol. Lancet. 1988; ii: 682.

Editorial. Virus infections and atherosclerosis. Lancet. 1978; ii: 821.

J L Houghton, T W von Dohlen, M J Frank. Myocardial ischaemia without atherosclerosis. Postgrad Med. 1989; 86 (5): 121.

J M Woodhill, et al. Low fat, low cholesterol diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. In: D Kritschevky, R Paoletti, W L Holmes Eds. Drugs, lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. New York: Plenum Press, 1978: 317.

Diet and Cardiovascular Disease. Committee on Medical Aspects of Food. DHSS. 1984.

W B Kannel and T Gordon. The Framingham Diet Study: diet and the regulations of serum cholesterol (Sect 24). Washington DC, Dept of Health, Education and Welfare, 1970.

W B Kannel and W P Castelli. Is serum cholesterol an anachronism? Lancet. 1979; 2: 950.

M W Gillman, et al. Inverse association of dietary fat with development of ischemic stroke in men. JAMA 1997; 278: 2145.

Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. J A M A. 1982; 248: 1465.

A B Nichols, et al. Daily nutritional intake and serum lipid levels: The Tecumseh Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1976; 29: 1384.

World Health Organisation. European Collaborative Group. Multi-factorial trial in the prevention of coronary heart disease: 3. Incidence and mortality results. Eur Heart J. 1983; 4: 141

J T Salonen, et al. Changes in morbidity and mortality during comprehensive community programme to control cardiovascular diseases during 1972-1977 in North Karelia. BMJ. 1979; iv: 1178.

P Puska. The North Karelia Project: a community based programme for the prevention of heart and vascular disease. Duodecim (Helsinki). 1985; 101(23): 2281.

Lipid Research Clinic Programme. LRC-CPPT results. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. J A M A. 1984; 251: 351.

V Ravnskov. Cholesterol lowering trials in coronary heart disease: frequency of citation and outcome. BMJ 1992; 305: 15.

W A Gortner. Nutrition in the United States, 1900 to 1974. Cancer Res. 1975; 35: 3246.

D J P Barker, C Osmond. Diet and coronary heart disease in England and Wales during and after the Second World War. J Epidemiol Com Hlth. 1986; 40: 37

P M McKeigne, G P Miller and M G Marmot. Coronary heart disease in South Asians overseas: A review. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989; 42(7): 597.

M G Marmot. Interpretation of Trends in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality. Acta Med Scand. 1985 (Suppl); 701: 58.

R Beaglehole, et al. Cholesterol and mortality in New Zealand Maoris. BMJ. 1980; 1: 285.

E H Ahrens. Dietary fats and coronary heart disease: unfinished business. Lancet. 1979; 2: 1345.

J Dedichen. Cholesterol and arteriosclerosis again. Are we on the wrong track? T Norske Laegeforen. 1976; 16: 915.

M L Pearce, S Dayton. Incidence of cancer in men on a diet high in polyunsaturated fat. Lancet. 1971; 1: 464.

A F Hofmann, T C Northfield, J L Thistle. Can a cholesterol-lowering diet cause gallstones? New Eng J Med. 1973; 288 (1): 46.

W C Willett, et al. Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women. Lancet 1993; 341: 581.

K K Carroll. Dietary fats and cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 1064S.

T France, P Brown. Test-tube cancers raise doubts over fats. New Scientist, 7 December 1991, p 12.

R Kearney. Promotion and prevention of tumour growth -effects of endotoxin, inflammation and dietary lipids. Int Clin Nutr Rev 1987; 7: 157.

P R Uldall, et al. Lancet 1974; ii: 514.

M Balter. Europe: as many cancers as cuisines. Science 1991; 254: 114

H K Koh. Cutaneous melanoma. N Eng J Med 1991; 325: 171.

R MacKie, J A A Hunter, et al. Cutaneous malignant melanoma, Scotland, 1979-89. Lancet 1992; 339: 971.

H Takematsu, et al. Melanoma in Japan: experience at Tohoku University Hospital Sendai. In: C M Balch, G W Milton, eds. Cutaneous Melanoma. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1984: 499.

G A Rose, et al. Corn oil in treatment of ischaemic heart disease. BMJ 1965; 1: 1531-33.

A Wolk, et al. A Prospective Study of Association of Monounsaturated Fat and Other Types of Fat With Risk of Breast Cancer. Arch Intern Med. 1998; 158: 41-45

C Ip, J A Scimeca, Thompson H. Effect of timing and duration of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on mammary cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer. 1995; 24: 241.

C desBordes, MA Lea. Effects of C18 fatty acid isomers on DNA synthesis in hepatoma and breast cancer cells. Anticancer-Res. 1995; 15: 2017-21

D P Burkitt, et al. Some geographical variations in disease patterns in East and Central Africa. E Afr Med J. 1963; 40: 1.

H C Trowell. Fibre and irritable bowels. BMJ. 1974; 3: 44.

- Dietary fibre, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Proc Nutr Soc. 1973; 32: 151.

C Y Francis, P J Whorwell. Bran and irritable bowel syndrome: time for reappraisal. Lancet 1994; 344: 39.

F Swain, et al. Comparison of the effects of oat bran and low-fiber wheat on serum lipoprotein levels and blood pressure. New Eng J Med. 1990; 322(3): 147.

W E Connor. Dietary fiber - nostrum or critical nutrient? New Eng J Med. 1990; 322 (3): 193.

E Marshall. Diet Advice, with a Grain of Salt and a Large Helping of Pepper. Science. 1986; 231: 537.

M J Lichtenstein, et al. Heart rate, employment status and prevalent ischaemic heart disease confound relationship between cereal fibre intake and blood pressure. J Epid Comm Hlth. 1986; 40(4): 330.

D Norman, et al. The impact of dietary fat and fibre on intestinal carcinogenesis. Prev Med. 1987; (4): 554.

I MacDonald. Nonsense and non-science in nutrition.. Proc Nutr Soc. 1983; 42: 513

Anon. BMJ. 1986; 292: 494.

J L Kelsay. A review of research on effect of fibre intake on man. Am J of Clin Nutr. 1978; (31): 142.

K Kaneko, et al. Effect of fibre on protein, fat and calcium digestibilities and fecal cholesterol excretion. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1986; 32(3): 317.

D Kritchevsky. Fibre and cancer. In Dietary Fibre: Basic and Clinical Aspects. (G V Vahouny and D Kritchevsky eds.) p427. Plenum, NY. 1986.

- Dietary studies of cancer of the large bowel in the animal model. Ibid p469.

H S Wasan, R A Goodlad. Fiber-supplemented foods may damage your health. Lancet 1996; 348: 319-20.

C S Fuchs, et al. Dietary Fiber and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma in Women. N Eng J Med 1999; 340: 169.

G Gerutti, et al. Phytic acid in bran and in 'natural' foods. Bolletino Chimico Farmaceutico, Milan.

J Stevens, et al. Effect of psyllium gum and wheat bran on spontaneous energy intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987; 46: 812.

Editorial. The Bran Wagon. Lancet. 1987; i: 782.

Y P Suri. The Bran Wagon. Lancet. 1987; ii: 42.

G S Bindra and R S Gibson. Iron status of predominantly lacto-ovo-vegetarian East Indian immigrants to Canada: a model approach. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986; 44: 643.

J R Turnlund, et al. A stable isotope study of zinc absorption in young men: effects of phytate and alpha-cellulose. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984; 40: 1071.

B Sandstrom, et al. The effects of vegetables and beet fibre on the absorption of zinc in humans from composite meals. Br J Nutr. 1987; 58 (1): 49.

L Hallberg, et al. Phytates and the inhibitory effect of bran on iron absorption in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987; 45(5): 988.

R Balasubraminian, et al. Effect of wheat bran on bowel function and fecal calcium in older adults. J Am Coll Nutr. 1987; 6(3): 199.

J Hallfisch, et al. Mineral balances of men and women consuming high fibre diets with complex or simple carbohydrate. J Nutr. 1987; 117(2): 403.

Fractured neck of femur: prevention and management. A report of the Royal College of Physicians, London. 1989.

Editorial: Why so many fractured hips? Lancet. 1989; 1: 57.

A M Fehily. Dietary determinants of bone mass and fracture risk: a review. J Hum Nutr and Diet. 1989; 2: 299.

M J Wargovich, A R Baer. Basic and Clinical Investigations of Dietary Calcium in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. Prev Med. 1989; 18: 672.

BBC. Horizon: The Poison That Waits. BBC2 broadcast 16 Jan 1989.

N Bishop, M McGraw and N Ward. Aluminium in infant formulas. Lancet. 1989; i: 490.

B E Golden, M H N Golden. Plasma zinc, rate of weight gain and the energy cost of tissue deposition in children recovering from malnutrition on cows' milk or a soya protein based diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981; 34: 892.

A Prasad. The role of zinc in gastrointestinal and liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol. 1983; 12: 713.

P Aggett, N Davies. Some nutritional aspects of trace elements. J Inter Metab Dis. 1983; 6(2): 22.

M Hambidge. The role of zinc and other trace metals in paediatric nutrition and health. Paediat Clin N Am. 1977; 24: 95.

D Bryce-Smith, R Simpson. Anorexia, depression and zinc deficiency. Lancet. 1984; ii: 1162.

V Fonesca, C Harvard. Electrolyte disturbances and cardiac failure with hypomagnesaemia in anorexia nervosa. BMJ. 1985; 291: 1680

N Meadows, et al. Zinc and small babies. Lancet. 1981; ii: 1135.

D Bryce-Smith. Environmental chemical influences on behaviour and mentation. John Jeyes lecture. Chem Soc Rev. 1986; 15: 93.

A McMichael, et al. A prospective study of serial maternal zinc levels and pregnancy outcome. Early Human Development. 1982 (Elsevier); 7: 59.

D Addy. Happiness is: iron. BMJ. 1986; 292: 969

E M Luk'ianova. Diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency rickets. Pediatriia. 1988;(3):15.

R Adelman. Nutritional rickets. Am J Dis Child. 1988; 142(4): 414.

M R Clements. The problem of rickets in UK Asians. J Hum Nutr Diet, 1989; 2: 105.

R E Hughes. A new look at dietary fibre. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1986; 40c: 81.

R E Hughes, E Johns. Apparent relation between dietary fibre and reproductive function in the female. Ann Hum Biol. 1985; 12: 325.

T Lloyd, et al. Inter-relationships of diet, athletic activity, menstrual status and bone density in collegiate women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987; 46: 681.

D A T Southgate. Minerals, trace elements and potential hazards. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987; 45: 1256.

S Yusuf, C D Furberg. Single factor trials: control through lifestyle changes. In A G Olsson, ed. Atherosclerosis. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone, 1987: 389.

Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial: I. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease. II. The relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering. J A M A. 1984; 251: 351.

Committee of Principle Investigators: World Health Organization co-operative trial on primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate to lower serum cholesterol: the final mortality follow up. Lancet. 1984; ii: 379.

M H Frick, et al. Helsinki Heart Study: primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle aged men with dyslipidemia. New Eng J Med. 1987; 317: 1237.

Coronary Drug Project Research Group: Gall bladder disease as a side effect of drugs influencing lipid metabolism. New Eng J Med. 1977; 296: 1185.

M N G Dukes. Drugs affecting lipid metabolism. in: Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs, Ninth Edition. M N G Dukes ed. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1980.

S Yusuf, J Cutler. Single factor trials: drug studies. in A G Olsson, ed. Atherosclerosis. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone, 1987: 389.

G Davey Smith, F Song, TA Sheldon. Cholesterol lowering and mortality: the importance of considering initial level of risk. BMJ 1993; 306: 1367.

A J McMichael, et al. Dietary and endogenous cholesterol and human cancer. Epidemiol Rev. 1984; 6: 192.

F Cambien, et al. Total serum cholesterol and cancer mortality in a middle aged male population. Am J Epid. 1980; 112: 388.

M R Garcia-Palmieri, et al. An apparent inverse relation- ship between serum cholesterol and cancer mortality in Puerto Rico. Am J Epid. 1981; 114: 29.

D Kozarevic, et al. Serum cholesterol and mortality: the Yugoslavian cardiovascular diseases study. Am J Epid. 1981; 114: 21.

R A Hiatt, B H Fireman. Serum cholesterol and the incidence of cancer in a large cohort. J Chronic Dis. 1986; 39: 861.

A Schatzkin, et al. Serum cholesterol and cancer in the NHANES I epidemiologic follow up study. Lancet. 1987; ii: 298.

A Kagan, et al. Serum cholesterol and mortality in a Japanese-American population: the Honolulu heart program. Am J Epid. 1981; 114: 11.

C G Isles, et al. Plasma cholesterol, coronary heart disease and cancer in the Renfrew and Paisley survey. BMJ. 1989; 298: 920.

S J Winawer, et al. Declining Serum Cholesterol Levels Prior to Diagnosis of Colon Cancer. JAMA. 1990; 263 (15): 2083.

Takashi Shimamoto, et al. Trends for Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke and Their Risk Factors in Japan. Circulation. 1989; 3: 503.

M W Gillman, et al. Inverse association of dietary fat with development of ischemic stroke in men. JAMA 1997; 278: 2145.

AWE Weverling-Rijnsburger, et al. Total cholesterol and risk of mortality in the oldest old. Lancet 1997; 350: 1119-23.

A Jonsson, H Sigvaldason, N Sigfusson. Total cholesterol and mortality after age 80 years. Lancet. 1997; 350: 1778-9.

Cholesterol in the prediction of atherosclerotic disease: new perspectives based on the Framingham Study. Ann Int Med. 1979; 90: 85-91.

F M Corrigan, et al. Dietary supplementation with zinc sulphate, sodium selenite and fatty acids in early dementia of Altzeimer's Type II: Effects on lipids. J Nutr Med 1991; 2: 265-71.

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P S Bachorik, T A Cloey, C A Finney, D R Lowry, D M Becker. Lipoprotein-cholesterol analysis during screening: accuracy and reliability. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114: 741-7.

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P S Bachorik, T A Cloey, C A Finney, D R Lowry, D M Becker. Lipoprotein-cholesterol analysis during screening: accuracy and reliability. Ann Int Med 1991; 114: 741.

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YD Chen, et al. Why do low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets accentuate postprandial lipemia in patients with NIDDM? Diabetes Care 1995; 18: 10-16

J Jeppeson, et al. Effects of low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets on risk factors for ischemic heart disease in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 1027-33

F Abbasi, et al. High carbohydrate diets, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and coronary heart disease risk. Am J Cardiol 2000; 85: 45-48

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S Franceschi, et al. Intake of macronutrients and risk of breast cancer. Lancet 1996; 347: 1351-6

M D. Holmes, et al. Association of Dietary Intake of Fat and Fatty Acids With Risk of Breast Cancer. JAMA. 1999; 281: 914.

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C La Vecchia, et al. Refined-sugar intake and the risk of colorectal cancer in humans. Int J Cancer 1993; 55: 386-9;

RM Bostick, et al. Sugar, meat, and fat intake, and non-dietary risk factors for colon cancer incidence in Iowa women. Cancer Causes Control. 1994; 5: 38-52.

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By Barry Groves
For more articles by Barry Groves exposing dietary and medical misinformation see Second Opinions


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